Volume 2, Issue 2, July-December, 2025
A study to assess the awareness regarding organ donation among nursing students in selected nursing colleges of Jaipur
Open Access | Original Article | 30 December 2025 | Article Number: 252009
Abstract
Due to a large gap between the need for organs and the number of available organs, organ donation in India presents a challenge to the public's health. The gap arises due to the lack of knowledge about organ donation and the enduring myths that affect the public's view on organ donation. The nursing students will be the health-care providers of the future and will therefore have an important part to play in raising awareness of organ donation. The aim of this study was to determine how much knowledge nursing students in selected nursing colleges in Jaipur have about organ donation and how that knowledge relates to their demographic characteristics. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted with 100 nursing students selected by convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire with 30 multiple-choice questions about organ donation was used to collect data. Results indicated that 45% of nursing students had good knowledge, 30% had average knowledge, and 25% had poor knowledge, with an average score of 14.55±1.90 (48.5%). Knowledge of organ donation was found to be significantly associated with parental education, area of residence, parental occupation and previous knowledge but not with age, gender or religion. The results of this study suggest that structured educational programs and integrated curricula would increase the level of knowledge about organ donation in nursing students and promote their ability to act as advocates for organ donation. Read more
View PDFImpact of structured teaching programme on nurses’ knowledge of organ and tissue donation in selected hospitals in Jaipur
Open Access | Original Article | 26 December 2025 | Article Number: 252008
Abstract
Organ donation is now a considerable medical therapy for people whose organs have failed, but it has many medical, ethical, and social aspects to consider when donating organs. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, play an essential role in creating a positive environment for organ and tissue donation. The researchers wanted to find out how effective an education program on organ and tissue donation is at increasing the knowledge of nurses within selected hospitals in Jaipur. Therefore, they used a quasi-experimental study design and recruited 300 nurses via a non-probability convenient sampling method. These nurses were divided into an interventional group who received the structured education program and a control group who did not receive any intervention. Data was collected at the start and end of the program using a validated and reliable structured knowledge assessment. The findings showed that the average pre-test score in the interventional group was 29.38 (Standard Deviation = 4.79) which significantly increased to an average post-test score of 42.48 (Standard Deviation = 3.03) after the intervention. The difference between the two groups was found to be statistically significant with a p-value of < 0.001. This study indicates a structured education programme that increased the level of knowledge held by nurses about Organ & Tissue Donation. The recommendation was to broaden similar educational interventions and, therefore, strengthen organ donation practices on a larger scale and generalise the results obtained in this study. Read more
View PDFStructured antenatal teaching and its effect on knowledge enhancement among primigravid mothers
Open Access | Original Article | 18 December 2025 | Article Number: 252007
Abstract
This research evaluated how useful a structured health education intervention would be in developing sound knowledge of Antenatal Care (ANC) in first-time pregnant (primigravid) mothers from selected hospitals in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Despite increasing efforts to improve maternal health, there still exists a significant lack of awareness regarding ANC among primigravid mothers. A pre-experimental, one-group pre-test-post-test design was implemented, and 300 primigravid mothers were recruited through purposive sampling. ANC knowledge was assessed using a validated structured questionnaire prior to intervention and at 90 days after the end of the structured health education program. A statistically significant improvement in ANC knowledge was found after delivery of the structured health education program, with the mean score after 90 days (34.38, SD = 3.11) significantly exceeding the mean score prior to the structured program (22.74, SD = 2.09), p < 0.001. Following the structured education program, improvements were found in all domains of ANC knowledge for the first-time mothers. Based on our findings, we believe that structured health education is an effective method to enhance the ANC knowledge of first-time mothers and, as such, should be included in routine ANC service delivery to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes. Read more
View PDFA Comprehensive Review of Post-Quantum Cryptography Protocols for Secure Communications in Heterogeneous Network Environments
Open Access | Original Article | 02 December 2025 | Article Number: 252006
Abstract
The advent of quantum computing has precipitated an estimated attack resistant cryptography system necessitating quantum attacks. The classical asymmetric algorithms, i.e., RSA and ECC are susceptible to Shor algorithm and a transition should be made to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) anymore. The novelty of this work lies in providing a unified comparative framework that analyzes PQC families through security assumptions, concrete key/ciphertext sizes, and implementation complexity an aspect not addressed collectively in prior surveys. This survey gives a general picture of the status of the design process and general evaluation of PQC accounting its application within the paradigm of the diversified networks including the IoT and 5G/6G and in the cyber-physical environment. Furthermore, this review uniquely synthesizes practical hybrid deployment strategies, including protocol layering, coexistence models, and backward compatibility mechanisms, offering actionable guidance for real world migration. Additionally, the manuscript contributes a prioritized list of open problems across IoT, 5G/6G, blockchain, and cyber physical systems, highlighting domains facing the most urgent quantum resilience challenges. In this paper, the authors will evaluate the most popular PQC schemes, including schemes based on lattice, code, hash, and isogeny, depending on their performance, scalability, and interoperability (with reference to the recent research). It also examines the problems of integration as implemented with respect to the computational overhead, latency and adoption of hybrid with classical cryptography. This is expounded more to the standardization of PQC by NISTs and with a focus on such algorithms as CRYSTALS-Kyber and Dilithium. The findings suggest that, hybrid PQC protocols are able to control quantum resistance and actual performance in numerous infrastructures in computing systems. Read more
View PDFKnowledge of the Warning Signs and Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer among Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital
Open Access | Original Article | 01 December 2025 | Article Number: 252005
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major cause of death from cancer among women globally. It has a pattern of development similar to that of a sexually transmitted disease and is associated with the greater risk from the number of partners and the earlier start of sexual activity. Different incidence patterns exist worldwide due to the establishment of screening programmes in some countries and not in others. Although cervical cancer rates and death rates have generally decreased over time, recent changes in lifestyle and sexual behaviour appear to be leading to an increase in the overall risk of developing cervical cancer. Smoking and the human papilloma virus (HPV) 16/18 are now important contributors to the idea of several factors, progressive cervix uteri carcinogenesis. Thus, screening programs, HPV vaccination, and societal preventative and control measures are advised. Using a cell morphological from observation to molecular analysis, cervical cancer screening techniques have changed over time. Both liquid-based cytology and high-risk HPV genotyping are popular strategies that are commonly recommended and used worldwide. Quick, inexpensive, accurate, and practical techniques will eventually become extra prevalent. By combining big data technology and picture identification, artificial intelligence also shows pledge for the detection of carcinoma of the cervical region. In the meantime, China has achieved considerable progress in the prevention and management of cervical cancer, which could act as a template for other resource-constrained poor countries. In conclusion, even though cervical cancer poses a threat to women's health, it may be the first cancer that humans are able to eradicate with a thorough Preventive and regulating plan. Read more
View PDFEffectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Staff Nurses’ Knowledge of Obstetric Drugs in Maternity Wards
Open Access | Original Article | 19 November 2025 | Article Number: 252004
Abstract
A midwife is described as a skilled and accountable member of the healthcare team who works in collaboration with women to deliver pivotal care, intervention, and support during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. This care includes the management of healthy pregnancies and identification of potential complications while safeguarding both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Midwives will increasingly be required to have knowledge and apply medications in labor settings, to manipulate labor (uterotropics), augment contractions (uterotonics), or to intervene with preterm labor (tocolytics). An understanding of uterine physiology is important for comprehending how these drugs will function, and what developing practice will be required in the intervention of the medications. Midwives need to have a working understanding of drugs such as oxytocics, ergots, prostaglandins, and the various tocolytic options, providing the most efficacious option for maternal and fetal well-being during labor and delivery. Midwifery errors may be a result of erroneous usage due to distractions, rushing, errors in labeling of medications, miscommunication or fatigue; midwifery requires diligent practice requiring careful attention to ensure that error is prevented. Read more
View PDFAssessment of Knowledge and Prevention of Complications among PCOS
Open Access | Original Article | 17 November 2025 | Article Number: 252003
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world, with significant burdens of potential long-term complications across multiple organ systems. Proper knowledge and preventative practices are essential to reducing complications and increasing the quality of life among females. To assess the level of knowledge and preventative practices of challenges of PCOS in adult females before and after an STP. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group, was used to assess 30 adult females in a selected hospital in Jaipur. Data were used to collect demographic variables using a standardized questions survey, and knowledge and preventative practices were collected using a 16-item knowledge and prevention checklist. Adult females’ knowledge average score was 6.8 before the test and post-test, the score was 12.4 after the STP, showing significant improvement in adult female knowledge of PCOS (p<0.001). The relationship between demographic factors and knowledge level revealed positive impacts on knowledge level (education and duration of PCOS). The STP was successful in increasing awareness of PCOS complications and preventative practices amongst PCOS girls. Read more
View PDFAI-Driven Spectrum Intelligence and Energy Optimization Techniques for 6G Networks: A Comprehensive Review
Open Access | Original Article | 14 November 2025 | Article Number: 252002
Abstract
As wireless technology moves toward sixth generation (6G) networks, future wireless communication systems must be intelligent, self-optimizing, and energy-efficient. To address increasing pressure on spectrum, systems will need to integrate AI (artificial intelligence) and ML (machine learning) technologies to facilitate dynamic spectrum access, efficient energy distributions, and max data throughput. This review examines key AI-driven techniques for spectrum intelligence and energy optimization in 6G networks. The applications of spectrum prediction employing deep learning, reinforcement learning for dynamic spectrum allocation of resources, and federated learning approaches that provide distributed decision-making capabilities in heterogeneous wireless environments are highlighted. The roles of intelligent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennae and reconfigurable surfaces as design tools for maximizing the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of systems is also examined. Recent designs in MIMO operating in sub-6 GHz have been employed as reference points for novel systems. Comparative analyses show that the AI enabled spectrum optimization techniques vastly outperform conventional static allocation in spectral efficiency, latency and energy efficiency. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion on the outstanding research challenges corresponding to trustworthy AI frameworks, sustainable energy frameworks, spectrum sharing etc., which will lead us to towards fully autonomous and energy efficient 6G networks. Read more
View PDFElectric Vehicles: A Sustainable Solution for Urban Transportation
Open Access | Original Article | 03 July 2025 | Article Number: 252001
Abstract
Urban areas face growing challenges from traffic congestion and vehicular emissions. This study investigates the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) as a transformative solution for sustainable urban mobility. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), net present value (NPV) analysis, and traffic simulation via PTV VISSIM, we quantify the environmental, economic, and operational benefits of EVs compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Results show EVs can reduce lifecycle CO2 emissions by a quantified 61% and energy consumption by 58%. Smart grid integration further enhances their potential by enabling off-peak charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) support. Read more
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