Commercia – Journal of Commerce and Management
An International Bi-Annual Peer-Reviewed Refereed Journal
About Commercia
Commercia is an open-access international bi-annual peer-reviewed refereed journal dedicated to advancing knowledge in commerce and management. As a platform for cutting-edge research and insightful reviews, and impactful case studies, Commercia aims to bridge academic research and industry practice, providing a resource for both …
Why Choose Commercia
- Quality and Integrity: High editorial standards through rigorous double blind peer review.
- Interdisciplinary: Publishes diverse and innovative research across commerce and management.
- Global Reach: Open-access for broad visibility of your research in academia and industry worldwide.
- Timely Publication: Efficient review process for quickly share the findings with the community.
- Author Support: Comprehensive guidance from submission to publication.
- Rigorous Peer Review: Commitment to maintaining high academic standards through expert evaluation.
Commercia is more than a publication; it is a community committed to advancing thought leadership and actionable knowledge in commerce and management. We welcome contributions from scholars and professionals worldwide.
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For Indian Authors: ₹ 2500
For others: $ 80
Article Processing Charge
03 Days
Median time from submission to first editorial decision before peer review
15 Days
Median time from submission to first decision after peer review
25 Days
Median time from submission to final acceptance after peer review and any author revisions
Editor-in-Chief View Full Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Shubhendra Gupta
Ninepages Techsolutions Private Limited, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Commercia: Latest Articles
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Current Issue
How Employee Empowerment Influences Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction
Open Access | Original Article | 10 June 2025 | Article Number: 251010
Abstract
The study explored the links among front desk staff empowerment; how satisfied customers are and the level of service. Questionnaires helped gather the required information from the respondents to meet the goal stated. Data was examined with multiple regression analysis. It was found that customer satisfaction did not show a significant relationship with employee empowerment. The findings suggested that relationship between the two factors was present but not proven by statistics. The research showed a clear and positive relationship between how well an organization serves its customers and how much authority employees have. There was a link found between staff empowerment and customer satisfaction, although it was not statistically significant. Customer satisfaction goes up when service quality is high. According to the results, the researchers encouraged the industry authorities to restructure their places to boost employees’ intrinsic drive to provide exceptional customer service, which could result in satisfied patrons. It was also suggested that front desk staff be urged to concentrate on the appropriate organizational structure and service culture that promote competence, influence, meaning, and self-determination. Read more
View PDFLinking Performance Evaluation Techniques with Employee Engagement
Open Access | Original Article | 24 May 2025 | Article Number: 251009
Abstract
This paper assesses the role of different organizational performance appraisal techniques in reference to employee engagement in contemporary firms. The research intends to analyze the motivational impacts of directed performance evaluations, like 360-degree feedback and continuous monitoring on commitment from the employees. The study employs qualitative methods through literature and theoretical analysis, drawing on the JD-R model alongside Self-Determination Theory and Organizational Justice Theory. Results indicate that active participation and provision of feedback within performance systems markedly increase engagement, whereas punitive evaluations without constructive feedback led to disengagement and attrition. The paper revolves around the developmental evaluation approach and the culture of engagement within the organization. Read more
View PDFReducing Bias and Strengthening Objectivity in Performance Appraisal: A Thematic Analysis
Open Access | Original Article | 21 May 2025 | Article Number: 251008
Abstract
Appraisals are fundamental to the management of human resources since they affect the development of an employee, the organizational fairness, and the advancement in one’s career. However, performance appraisal systems tend to lack precision due to biases that adversely impact trust, fairness, accuracy, and objectivity. This thesis aims to analyze reasons for biases in performance appraisal and determine practical methods to improve objectivity using action-oriented thematic analysis. Following qualitative literature synthesis, three overarching themes were identified: biases associated with raters, alterations proposed to enhance structures and processes, and use of technology. Findings highlight biases such as halo bias, age, ethnicity and gender biases, and leniency bias are steeped in cultural and organizational deep cognitive frameworks. An increase in measurement precision is essential in overcoming biases using Z-ethically acceptable design, CPM systems, automated feedback BARS, AI, and analytics. It is emphasized that technological frameworks must be approached from the standpoint of fairness, devoid of historical inequity perpetuation. Ultimately, the argument presented in the text underscores the complexity of the intervention using systems approach combining governance by ethical machine systems with human retraining, organizational strategy redesign, and allegiance to bounding policies for structural fairness, openness, inclusion, and objectivity. Read more
View PDFAssessing Tourism Contribution to Economic Growth: A Global Analysis
Open Access | Original Article | 07 March 2025 | Article Number: 251007
Abstract
The study examines tourism as an economic driver at the macro level, contributing to GDP, employment, and international trade. It examines trends, economic benefits, and challenges of tourism in the post-COVID era through secondary data collection using international organizations and academic literature. The findings show that tourism has a positive economic impact while making way for sustainability considerations like over-tourism and environmental degradation. The study reveals that, in light of the growing importance of sustainable tourism, the question of balancing economic gains with environmental rights and social responsibility will require a strategic policy framework for socio-economic viability and environmental friendliness. Read more
View PDFEngagement of Employee in MSME Sector and COVID-19
Open Access | Original Article | 23 January 2025 | Article Number: 251006
Abstract
Workers in the organization faced several challenges during COVID-19, such as stress, anxiety, and concerns about job security. Human resource managers sought to implement employee engagement strategies to support staff in overcoming mental trauma while maintaining the organization’s productivity. The aim of the study is to investigate and assess the engagement practices of the MSME sector in emergency situations like COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has both financial and psychological effects on the overall economy. The MSME faces challenges regarding employee engagement in these situations. Most of the employees in MSME come from the unprofitable sector, which is significant as they form the essential support of the economy and help maintain its stability. This acts as the rationale for engaging in the following research. The research assists in understanding the various strategies an organization can adopt to handle its human resources during both contingency and pandemic scenarios. Read more
View PDFAnalysing Bank Sustainability: A Comparative Study of Banks in Oman and India
Open Access | Original Article | 20 January 2025 | Article Number: 251005
Abstract
This research utilises panel data regression analysis to examine a period of ten years relating to the sustainability of Omani and Indian banks, thereby investigating financial metrics including return on assets, return on equity, adequate capital ratio, and loan loss provisions, ESG scores, and CSR initiatives. The document uses Stata software to assess models, such as Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models. The Hausman test was also utilized to select the most appropriate model. Findings reveal that financial performance and sustainability practices vary significantly among banks in both countries. ESG practices have minimal association with financial success; however, LLP is beneficially correlated with ESG performance. The study provides on the complex interrelationships among financial metrics, ESG, and CSR in banking, offering insights into sustainability, profitability, and risk management. For long-term bank stability and performance, it underscores the importance of solid management as well as sustainability integration, with significant implications for consumers and investors. Read more
View PDFAnalysing Bank Performance: A Comparative Study of Banks in Oman and India
Open Access | Original Article | 20 January 2025 | Article Number: 251004
Abstract
The results of banks in India and Oman from 2016 to 2023 are examined Regression analysis based on panel data is applied here with a particular focus on ROE, ROA, and total assets. For establishing the relationship between the Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models, this research has applied the Stata program. Based on the Hausman test, the best model is selected. From the data, it has been revealed that the financial performances of banks from two different countries differ highly. Indian banks have more total assets, but their ROA and ROE vary more than Omani banks, which exhibit better asset utilisation and equity returns. Regression research shows little explanatory ability for important factors like time, despite statistical differences, with delayed consequences being essential for comprehending performance. For the benefit of policymakers and industry stakeholders, the study emphasizes how managerial, structural, and market issues affect banks’ performance. Read more
View PDFIndia’s Export Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of the United States
Open Access | Original Article | 18 January 2025 | Article Number: 251003
Abstract
This study investigates India’s export dynamics, with a particular focus on its trade relationship with key global partners, especially the United States. Over the years, India’s exports have grown significantly. The export intensity index reveals that India’s trade with the United States is robust, accounting for 18% of India’s total exports in 2023, the concentration index indicates a moderate diversification in India’s export portfolio, although certain markets like the UAE and China exhibit higher concentration. For instance, the UAE’s export intensity index has increased from 11.4 in 1988 to 39.04 in 2022, showcasing its growing importance, while Japan’s index fell from 57.79 to 7.10 during the same period, reflecting diminishing trade ties. Despite a significant rise in overall exports, challenges persist, including a widening trade deficit, tariff barriers, and limited integration into global value chains. Read more
View PDFImpact of HRM Practices on Organizational Sustainability
Open Access | Original Article | 15 January 2025 | Article Number: 251002
Abstract
The cornerstones of enhanced performance and sustained competitive advantage are material assets, human capital, and organizational resources. Businesses can achieve sustainability goals and differentiate themselves from the competition by integrating green initiatives with human resources management (HRM) strategies. This study examines the effects of a number of HRM practices on an organization’s long-term sustainability, including hiring, training and development, management of performance, employee engagement initiatives, and green HRM policies. The study looks into how these practices affect sustainability outcomes including improved company reputation, increased employee retention rates, and less of an influence on the environment. This Study has used quantitative data from a thorough review of peer-reviewed journals, including Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, Emerald, and Sage Publications. The findings demonstrate the importance of sustainable HRM practices in developing an employer brand that appeals to both current and prospective employees while maintaining a consistent corporate image. By identifying gaps in the literature, this study provides useful insights and a research roadmap for future investigations into the dynamic interaction between HRM practices and organizational sustainability. Read more
View PDFRole of HRM in Designing a Digital Organization
Open Access | Original Article | 06 January 2025 | Article Number: 251001
Abstract
Human resource management (HRM) is a collection of procedures used in businesses in a variety of industries, including state, commercial, service, and industrial, with the goal of improving working conditions and employee well-being while also boosting organizational financial success. The speed, dependability, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability of HR operations have all improved as a result of the widespread adoption of digital technologies. The objectives of this theoretical research are to highlight how HRM has changed in the digital age, investigate how technology has affected HR practices, and look at how HR managers’ roles have changed in modern businesses. A conceptual approach is used, together with a thorough literature review and secondary data from reliable internet sources. The websites of top digital businesses provide insights into HRM practices. The results highlight how technology is revolutionizing HRM, evaluate how it affects important HR functions, and provide new contemporary HRM frameworks, such as digital HRM (d-HRM). However, there is a significant knowledge vacuum about the long-term effects of digital HRM on ethical issues, employee engagement, and company culture. To give a comprehensive picture of the potential and difficulties brought about by the digital transition in HRM, future studies should fill in these gaps. Read more
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