Volume 3, Issue 2, July-December, 2026
Design and optimization of 3D printing process parameters: A review
Open Access | Original Article | 16 July 2026 | Article Number: 262003
Abstract
The Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology and more specifically the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), is well known for the possibility to produce complex components with high design freedom in order to obtain outputs with reduced material waste and at competitive costs. The process parameters, like build orientation, infill density, bed temperature, nozzle temperature, layer thickness and print speed, however, have a significant effect on the quality and performance of FDM-printed parts. So, it is very important to choose the best suited process parameters in order to enhance the mechanical properties, surface quality, dimensional accuracy and manufacturing efficiency. The present review article critically explores the new studies reported to date on optimization of the process parameters for FDM process, covering statistical method namely Taguchi method, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Design of Experiments (DOE) among various Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This review provides a comparative analysis of statistical and AI-based optimization techniques for FDM process parameter optimization and identifies current research gaps and future directions. The review concludes that hybrid optimization methods combining statistical process with AI–based method are more accurate and more optimized, and could be the answer to next-generation additive manufacturing systems. Read more
View PDFDesign and evaluation of pH-sensitive omeprazole enteric-coated pellets IP for sequential release in the gastrointestinal tract
Open Access | Original Article | 15 July 2026 | Article Number: 262002
Abstract
Omeprazole, a widely used proton pump inhibitor, is highly unstable under acidic conditions, resulting in degradation in the stomach and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to develop pH-sensitive enteric-coated pellets of omeprazole (7.5% w/w) for sequential drug release within the gastrointestinal tract. The formulation was designed to protect omeprazole from acidic degradation during gastric transit and facilitate controlled release within the intestinal region. Extrusion-spheronization was used to prepare the pellets, followed by coating with an HPMC barrier layer and an enteric coating of Eudragit L100/S100. Three formulation batches with varying polymer concentrations and coating levels were prepared and evaluated to identify the optimal formulation. The prepared formulations were characterized for micromeritic properties, drug content, dissolution behavior, and preliminary accelerated stability. The dissolution studies demonstrated minimal drug release in acidic medium (pH 1.2) for up to 2 hours, followed by controlled drug release exceeding 95% in pH 6.8–7.4 buffer media. Among all formulations, F2 exhibited the most desirable performance, demonstrating effective acid resistance, uniform drug distribution, and controlled drug release in the intestinal medium. Preliminary accelerated stability studies indicated no significant changes in physical appearance or drug release characteristics during the study period. The developed pH-sensitive pellet system successfully achieved sequential drug release and demonstrated satisfactory stability, indicating its potential as a promising oral delivery approach for acid-labile drugs such as omeprazole. Read more
View PDFA superior way of temperature monitoring using fibre optics
Open Access | Original Article | 09 July 2026 | Article Number: 262001
Abstract
Temperature measurement using fibre optic techniques is preferred now a days due to its few distinguished features such as it is not sensitive to electric current, electromagnetic radiations such as microwaves and not prone to radio frequency interference (RFI). This technology also caters to multipoint and distributed temperature measurement as can be seen from multi-channel operation. It can be used in the places and conditions where constant on site monitoring by humans is a tedious and dangerous task. Hence it offers a robust and an alternative way to conventional temperature measurement techniques. Read more
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